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Introduction: lactating mothers and breastfed infants are most vulnerable to iodine deficiency. The aim of this study was to assess the iodine status of lactating mothers and its association with certain demographic characteristics in an area of iodine sufficiency
Materials and Methods: in this cross-sectional study, 264 lactating mothers, 3-5 days postpartum were randomly selected from health care centers. Breast milk, urine, and salt samples were collected from each mother. Demographic factors including age, education, occupation, date of last pregnancy, parity, gravidity, type of delivery and use of iodine containing supplement during pregnancy were assessed
Results: a total of 254 lactating mothers, aged 28.2 +/- 4.9 years completed this study. Median [interquartile range [IQR]] maternal urinary iodine concentration [UIC] and breast milk iodine concentration [BMIC] was 82 [42-146] and 241 [167-337] [micro]g/L, respectively. Significant correlations were observed between maternal UIC and BMIC [r =0.177, P=0.007]. In multiple linear regression, maternal UIC value was associated with occupation [P=0.010] and parity [P=0.014]; a significant association was observed between BMIC and occupation [P=0.039] and the iodine content of salt [P=0.043]
Conclusion: the present findings indicate that despite lactating mothers being mildly iodine deficient, as defined by median UIC, the iodine levels of breast milk were within an optimal range. In an area with iodine sufficiency, parity, occupation and iodine content of salt are major determinants of iodine status among lactating mothers
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Introduction: leptin, as an adipokine, plays a role in the regulation of metabolism and could be affected by dietary intake. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the association of usual dietary intakes of fats with leptin gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues in adults
Materials and Methods: visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues were gathered from 97 participants aged >/= 20, who had undergone elective abdominal surgery. Dietary fats including olive oil, hydrogenated oil, non-hydrogenated oil, and animal fat were collected using a valid and reliable food-frequency questionnaire. Leptin gene expression in adipose tissues was measured using Real-Time PCR
Results: a significant inverse relation was observed between olive oil intake and leptin gene expiration in subcutaneous [[beta]=-0.441, P=0.017] and visceral [[beta]=-0.552, P<0.001] adipose tissue. In addition a direct association was also observed between dietary animal fat and leptin gene expression in subcutaneous [[beta]=0.328, P=0.020] and visceral [[beta]=0.305, P=0.015] adipose tissue. Furthermore, non-hydrogenated oil consumption was inversely associated with leptin gene expression visceral adipose tissue [[beta]=-0.348, P=0.031]
Conclusion: dietary intake of olive oil was inversely and animal fat was directly associated with leptin gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues independent of body mass index and insulin indicating the importance of fat sources on adipose tissue leptin gene expression
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Introduction: The association of nutrient patterns with chronic disease and obesity has been much focused on recently. This study investigated the relation between nutrient patterns with changes in weight and waist circumference
Materials and Methods: The study population included 1637 subjects, aged 30-75 years, free of cardiovascular diseases, and cancer, recruited from Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study [2005-2008]. Participants had complete anthropometric and dietary information and were followed up to the next phase [2008-2011]. Dietary intake of 33 nutrients was collected by a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire and three year changes of weight and waist circumference were documented. Nutrient patterns were obtained using principal component analysis
Results: Four nutrient patterns were identified. Median and interquartile range [IQR] of weight and waist circumference changes of participants were 1.0 [-1.0-3.0] kilogram and 3.0 [0.0-8.0] centimetres, respectively. The first pattern [high fat dairy and meat], rich in animal protein, saturated fatty acid, cholesterol, vitamin D, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B12, calcium, phosphorous and zinc was associated with higher weight gain 0.258 [0.066-0.449] P for trend=0.009 after adjusting for confounder variables. There were no significant associations for other patterns [fruit and vegetables with dairy, nuts and legumes, and grains and fruits] with changes in weight and waist circumference
Conclusion: Dietary intakes of nutrient patterns rich in animal source foods are directly associated with higher weight gain
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Introduction: Considering the incrediblly high incidence of obesity in adolescents, in this study, we have examined the association of DASH diet with 3-year body mass index change and risk of obesity in Tehranian adolescents
Materials and Method: This population based cohort study included 629 adolescents [aged 10 to 18 years] from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study [TLGS]. Dietary data were collected using a valid and reliable food-frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric measures were assessed both at baseline and end of follow up. In adolescents, obesity was defined as body mass index 2 95th percentile for age and sex according to national reference curves
Results: Mean +/- SD for age and DASH score at baseline were 14.1 +/- 2.5 years and 24.1 +/- 4.2, respectively. Also, the mean +/- SD of body mass index gain and risk of incident obesity was 1.7 +/- 2.6 kg/m2 and 12% after 3 years follow up, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, higher DASH diet score and lower dietary intakes of sweet beverage were inversely associated with 3-year changes in body mass index [P<0.05]. The odds ratio [95%CI] of developing obesity in the highest, compared with the lowest, quintile of DASH score was 0.2 [0.1-0.7] [P for trend=0.025]. Also, the lower intake of sweet beverage was significantly associated with reducing the risk of incident obesity [OR: 0.2; 95%CI: 0.1-0.6] [P for trend=0.003]
Conclusion: A DASH- style dietary pattern is associated inversely with 3-year body mass index changes and risk of incident obesity in adolescents
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Background and Objective: Dietary intake of beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin may be associated with reduce the risk of insulin resistance, due to their antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between dietary intake of beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin and the risk of insulin resistance in adults
Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 938 [421 men and 517 women], aged between 19 to 82 years were selected from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study in Iran. Dietary intake of beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin were determined using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Fasting serum glucose and insulin were measured at base line and again after a 3-year of follow up. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the occurrence of insulin resistance across tetiles of beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin with adjustment for potential confounding variables
Results: The mean age of participants was 40.7 +/- 12.1 years. beta-carotene was inversely associated with insulin resistance after adjustment for confounder variables [95% CI= 0.25-0.72, OR= 0.42, P-value for trend=0.01]. Also, an inverse association was found between dietary intake of beta-cryptoxanthin and insulin resistance risk [95% CI= 0.30-0.84, OR= 0.51, P-value for trend=0.01]
Conclusion: There was inverse association between dietary intake of beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin and risk of insulin resistance in adults
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Introduction: Systemic inflammation plays a main role in the incidence of diabetes complications. Probiotics can be used in the treatment of diabetes complications for its anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotic supplement on glycemia, insulin resistance and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes
Materials and Methods: This randomized double blind clinical trial was carried out on 59 diabetic patients, aged 25-65 years, referred to the Taleghani Hospital in Tehran. They were randomly divided in 2 groups, the probiotic and the placebo. Patients in each group received 2 capsules per day for 6 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after intervention to evaluate glycemic control, insulin resistance and inflammatory biomarkers
Results: Mean fasting blood glucose was significantly decreased by 9% [132.7 +/- 34 vs. 146.5 +/- 44] in the probiotic group during the intervention [P=0.001]. Results of the analysis of covariance showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance, whereas there were none observed in IL-6 and TNF alpha between the two groups after intervention
Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that probiotic consumption may help in diabetes control through reducing glycemia and insulin resistance
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Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Glicemia , Resistência à Insulina , Inflamação , Método Duplo-CegoRESUMO
Introduction: Hypertension is one of the main risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, and recent studies have been investigating the association of dietary amino acids with blood pressure. This study aimed to determine the association of dietary glycine with blood pressure
Materials and Methods: For the present study, conducted on 2612 participants, aged 35-70 years, who had participated in the fourth phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study [2008-2011] were followed up to the fifth phase [2011-2014]. At baseline, participants, who were free of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer and had complete documented anthropometric, clinical and dietary data entered the study. Dietary glycine information was collected, using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Incidence of hypertesion was ascertained after three years of follow up, using logistic regression to assess the associations between incidence of hypertension and tertiles of glycine intake, adjusted for potential confounders
Results: The mean+/-SD age of participants [42.1% men] was 47.1+/-8.3 years. During 3 years of follow-up, 365 cases [14%] of hypertension developed. The OR of the highest tertile of glycine intake was 0.69 [95% CI: 0.49-0.96; P for trend: 0.04], compared to the lowest, after adjusting for potential confounders
Conclusion: Our results indicate an inverse association between higher glycine intake and incidence of hypertension
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between CETP [Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein] polymorphisms and macronutrient intakes in relation to metabolic syndrome [MetS] and its components
Materials and Methods: In this matched nested case-control study, 441 MetS subjects and 844 controls were selected from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Dietary intake was determined using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Portions of DMA samples were genotyped with HumanOmniExpress-24-v1-0 bead chips [containing 649,932 SNP loci] in the Tehran cardio-metabolic genetic study
Results: Mean ages of men and women did not differ between cases and controls. Frequencies of the C [rs3764261] and A [rs5882] alleles were 62.9% and 62.1%, respectively, and did not differ in cases and controls. Compared to CC [rs3764261] genotype, low HDL-C risk was decreased in subjects with the AC+AA genotypes [P<0.001]. Interactions were observed between Mono-unsaturated fatty acids, total fat intakes and rs5882 in relation to risk of low HDL-C [Pi=0.02 and 0.05, respectively]. The risk of high blood pressure across quartiles of trans-fatty acid and cholesterol intake differed in rs5882 genotypes [Pi<0.05]
Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated no interaction between rs3764261, rs5882 polymorphisms and macronutrient intakes in relation toMetS; neither were MUFA and trans-fatty acid intakes associated with rs5882 genotypes in relation to risk of high blood pressure and low HDL-C
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of camel and cow milk on blood sugar and lipid profiles of patients with diabetes mellitus, who injected lantus insulin
Materials and Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 40 patients with diabetes mellitus, using lantus insulin injections were randomly allocated two groups of camel milk receivers (19 patients, mean age 59.84+1.05] and cow milk receivers [17 patients, mean age 49.47 + 2.93]. The two groups consumed 500 ml of either camel milk or cow milk daily for three months
Results: Changes in mean glucose levels of the camel milk group were significant, over the study duration and [P<0.05]. HbA1c decreased significantly in both groups [P<0.05]. There was significant reduction of the insulin dose required in the patients receiving camel milk [13.71%], compared to those who received cow milk [0.25%; P0.05]. In the group receiving camel milk, there was a significant increase in HDL-C levels [P<0.05]. There was no difference in fasting blood sugar, fasting insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and lipid profiles between the two groups at the end of study [P>0.05]
Conclusion: Camel milk decreased blood sugar, HbA1c and required the insulin dose required in diabetes mellitus patients, who inject lantus insulin and in could also contribute to glycemic control in these patients
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Introduction: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus [GDM] is a common metabolic disorder in pregnancy that is diagnosed for the first time in the second half pregnancy. Associations between consumption of trans fatty acids and GDM have been conflicted in many studies. The purpose of this study is to determine this relationship. Materials and Methods: This is a narrative review to assess the relationship between trans fatty acids consumption before and during pregnancy and GDM incidence. We searched Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Science Direct and Med Line for identifying relevant analytic studies [Cohort and case- control studies]. We used the key words: Trans Fatty Acids, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, pregnancy glucose intolerance. Result: At last we identified 12 relevant studies. Studies demonstrated that high trans fatty acids and animal fat intake before and during pregnancy significantly increased blood glucose levels in late pregnancy. Conclusion: High trans fatty acids intake and animal fat consumption in daily diet before and during pregnancy disturb glucose metabolism and increase risk of GDM in the second half of pregnancy, although all of the studies recommended more widespread clinical trials to identify the exact relationship between high trans fatty acids intake and GDM
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Introduction: although previous studies report the relationship of diabetes with various groups of fruits and vegetables, and also an inverse association between insulin resistance with dietary carotenoids and flavonoids, no studies have yet examined the effect of [Fruit and Vegetable] FV subgroups on insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of red, orange and yellow FV, with the 3-year incidence of insulin resistance in adults
Materials and Methods: in this longitudinal study, 940 men and women, aged>19 years were selected from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Dietary intakes of fruits and vegetables [FV] were determined using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Fasting serum glucose and insulin were measured at baseline and again after a 3-year of follow up. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the occurrence of IR across tertiles of color subgroups of FV with adjustment for potential confounding variables
Results: the mean age and body mass index [BMI] of participants were 40.34+/-12.1 years and 26.4+/-4.4 kg/m2 respectively. Mean residual energy adjusted total intakes of FV, red/purple, orange and yellow FV were 503g/d, 172, 108and 104g/d, respectively. Total intake of FV was inversely associated with IR after 3 years of follow up [OR=0.511P for trend=0.018]. and also an inverse association was found between red/purple [OR=0.48 P for trend=0.012], orange [OR=0.34 P for trend=0.001] and yellow [OR=0.34 P for trend=0.011] groups and the occurrence of IR
Conclusion: results of this longitudinal study, found an inverse association between dietary intakes of FV, red/purple, orange and yellow groups and the risk of IR in adults
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Introduction: To investigate the association between major dietary patterns and the incidence of chronic kidney disease [CKD] over a 3.6 year follow up in adults with high blood pressure
Materials and Methods: This cohort study was conducted on 1521 prehypertensive and hypertensive subjects, aged >/= 27 years, without CKD at baseline, who participated in the fourth phase [2009-2012] of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Dietary data were collected using a valid food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis was performed to derive dietary patterns. Anthropometrics and biochemical measurements were obtained. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Multiple Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between dietary patterns scores and risk of CKD
Results: The mean age of participants was 46.32 +/- 11.59 years. After 3.6 years of follow-up, 255 [16.8%] cases of CKD occurred. Three dietary patterns were identified, the western, healthy and the traditional Iranian patterns. After adjustment for relevant confounders, subjects in the highest, compared to the lowest quartile category of the Western dietary pattern score, had a higher risk of CKD [OR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.19-3.76]. Neither the healthy nor the traditional dietary patterns were significantly associated with incidence of CKD
Conclusions: Adherence to the Western dietary pattern is associated with increased risk of CKD in adults with high blood pressure
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Publications evaluating the effects of probiotics on glycemic parameters, body weight change and food intakes have increased steadily in recent years. This study hence assessed all related human and animal studies. In the present systematic review, we used search engines to collect relevant data until May 2014, concerning the effects of probiotics on body weight changes, fasting plasma glucose [FPG], oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT], glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c], insulin, and insulin resistance in T2DM. Twenty-five animal and four human articles met our inclusion criteria, articles which generally reported positive effects of probiotics on glycemic parameters. Lactobacillus sub-strains were used in all studies except for one. Most of the human and animal studies reported significant reduction in FPG and delay in the onset of T2DM, respectively; only animal studies reported significant reduction in OGTT. Few studies showed significant reduction and increase in HbA1c and insulin levels, respectively. Most studies reported significant increment in body weight after intervention, whereas only a few reported significant reductions in this parameter. This study showed that the administration of probiotics have beneficial effects on glycemic parameters, although their effects on body weight were inconsistent. Therefore, considering the controversial results among human and animal reports, more data evidence is needed to conduct a meta-analysis
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To identify a dietary pattern predictive of visceral adiposity index [VAI], using reduced rank regression, and to examine its associations with cardiometabolic risks in the PCOS women. This case-control study was conducted on 53 PCOS women and 167 age-matched healthy women from the population of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Dietary intakes were collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The associations of dietary pattern with cardiometabolic risks were investigated by Pearson's correlation and linear regression. In this study, a positively correlated VAI dietary pattern, characterized by high consumption of fried vegetables, vegetable oils [except for olive oil], fast foods and low consumption of dairy, and cruciferous vegetables was identified. The dietary pattern was correlated with triglycerides [rcontrols=0.32, rPCOS=0.41], triglycerides/HDL-C ratio [rcontrols=0.35, rPCOS=0.44] and HDL-C [rcontrols=-0.22, rPCOS=-0.26] in both groups. The pattern was also positively correlated with waist circumference, total cholesterol [TC], LDL-C and systolic blood pressure in the controls. After adjustment for age and BMI, dietary pattern was associated with triglycerides [Pcontrol=0.22, p=0.003; betaPCOS=0.48, P=0.001] and triglycerides/HDL-C ratio [Pcontrol= 0.23, P=0.002; betaPCOS= 0.52, P=0.001] in both groups. The dietary pattern was inversely associated with HDL-C in both groups, but the association was attenuated by adjusting for age and BMI in the PCOS group. High adherence to the dietary pattern was associated with cardiometaboiic risks in controls and to a lesser degree in the PCOS group
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Obesity as major global pandemic is associated with increased risk of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular complications. This study was conducted to evaluate the association between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages [SSBs] and weight, waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and blood pressure status in Iranian adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 5852 men and women, aged 19-70 years, who participated in the fourth phase [2009-2011] of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Demographics, anthropometries, biochemical measurements including triglycerides, HDL and blood pressure were assessed. Intakes of SSBs including carbonated drinks and synthetic fruit juices were measured using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Mean dietary intake of SSBs was 48.9 +/- 77.8 g/d. After adjustment for all potential confounding variables, significant associations were observed between SSB consumption and BMI, waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL and blood pressure in the fourth quartile. Participants in the highest, compared to the lowest quartile category of SSBs had 25%, 37%, 22% and 32% higher risk of general obesity [OR: 1.25, 95% Cl: 1.02-1.50], abdominal obesity [OR: 1.37, 95% Cl: 1.15-1.64], low HDL cholesterol [OR: 1.22, 95% Cl: 1.04-1.44] and hypertension [OR: 1.32, 95% Cl: 1.08-1.61], respectively. Higher intakes of SSBs were found to be associated with a higher risk of general obesity and its related cardiovascular risk factors in Iranian adults
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Polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] is the most prevalent endocrinopathy in reproductive aged women. The association of early-life factors such as fetal adipose tissue and birth weight with adulthood outcomes like obesity, body fat mass [BFM] and body lean mass [BLM] is not clearly understood. We aimed to compare the association between birth weight and body composition in women with PCOS and normal controls. For this study we enrolled a total of 70 reproductive aged women with PCOS diagnosis, referring to the Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center and the same number of healthy women without polycystic ovaries by ultrasonography or hirsutism and/or anyovulatory other dysfunction were enrolled. Their birth weights were documented and their body composition was assessed, using standard measuring devices. Cases were younger than the controls [29.7 +/- 4.9 versus 30.8 +/- 5.9 years] and had the same BMI [24.6 +/- 2.4 versus 24.8 +/- 4.5 kg/m2]. Our study demonstrated that BFM and BLM are increased in adult PCOS women born underweight, compared to their normal counterparts [16 +/- 4.7 versus 12.2 +/- 4.1, P= 0.06 and 46.4 +/- 5.8 versus 41.1 +/- 5.8, P=0.07]. The impact of fetal adipose tissue and birth weight on the occurrence adulthood obesity, BFM and BLM vary between women with and without PCOS
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Identifying different food patterns may play a role in reducing the incidence of hypertension. Since most studies in this field have been cross-sectional, studies demonstrating HTN incidence are very limited. Hence we conducted this longitudinal study to determine dietary patterns and their effects on the incidence of hypertension. Dietary patterns of 1787 subjects, aged 20-60 yrs, who participated in phase 3 of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study [TLGS] were determined using factor analysis and the association between dietary patterns and the incidence of hypertension in phase 4 of TLGS was assessed, using logistic regression. Mean age across quartiles of healthy and western dietary patterns differed significantly. Individuals with lowest adherence to healthy dietary pattern and highest adherence to western dietary pattern were younger than others. Participants in the highest quartile of the healthy dietary pattern were physically more active than those in the upper quartile of western dietary pattern, who had the lowest level of physical activity. The healthy dietary pattern was negatively associated with elevated systolic blood pressure in models 2 [adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking and BMI] and 3 [adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking and BMI and physical activity] [odds ratio: 0.74 [95% Cl: 0.56-0.98] and 0.74 [95% Cl: 0.56-0.97] respectively, P=0.03 for both]. Results of this study showed that adherence to the healthy dietary pattern reduced the risk of incidence of hypertension by 26%
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Improvement of lipid abnormalities are important in the prevention of diabetes complications. The study aimed to determine the effect of nigella sativa oil extract oil on blood lipid abnormalities in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this double blind randomized clinical trial, 43 men and women with type 2 diabetes who were randomized to the intervention [n=23] and placebo [n=20] groups were studied and compared. The intervention group received 2 capsules daily, [500 mg extract of Black Seed Oil] while the control group took 2 capsules [500 mg, placebo daily] for 8 weeks, respectively. Lipid profiles were measured at the beginning and end of the intervention. Mean age and body mass index of participants was 53.7 +/- 6.0 y and 28.6 +/- 5.4 kg/m2, respectively. At the end of the eighth week, the concentrations of serum triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol and LDL to HDL cholesterol of the intervention group were compared to the placebo group, and a significant reduction [P<0.05] was found. However concentrations of HDL cholesterol and total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio, at the of the end eighth week in the intervention group and the control group showed no significant difference. Black Seed Oil extract improves lipid profiles in type 2 diabetic patients
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Background and Objective: Hypertension in long time can cause cardiovascular disorders and increase chance of stroke. This study was done to determine the association between some dietary factors and risk of hypertension. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the fourth phase [2008-11] of Tehran lipid and glucose study [TLGS]. In this study 6089 subjects [2807 males and 3282 females], aged 19-70 years, were participated and dietary, demographic, anthropometric and blood pressure of each subject were collected. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire with 147-items. Odds ratio for hypertension according to quartiles of dietary factors was determined using logistic regression with adjustment for confounder variables. Results: The rate of hypertension was 29.8%. Mean of weight, body mass index, waist circumference, prevalence of abdominal obesity and alliteration in the hypertensive subjects were significantly higher than normotensive subjects [P<0.05]. There was a non significant direct relationship between energy density, total fat and saturated fat. Higher consumption of fiber was associated with lower risk of hypertension [OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.37-0.97]. The risk of hypertension increased in the highest quartiles of dietary protein [OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.02-1.43]. Odds ratio for hypertension was higher among subjects whom consumed lower fruits and nuts than those subjects with higher fruits consumption [OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.15-1.85] and nuts [OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02-1.42]. Conclusion: High consumption of fiber could protect against hypertension while some dietary factors such as high consumption of protein could increase risk of hypertension
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Introduction: In recent years, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome [MetS] in various countries shows a fast, rising trend, that can be caused by lifestyle changes, including changes in diet. Despite the possible association between dietary fats and the MetS receiving attention, limited studies have determined the association between oils [hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated] and the MetS. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated vegetable oils and the metabolic syndrome among Tehranian adults
Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted within the framework of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study between 2005 and 2008, on 2457 adults, aged 19-84 years. Intakes of vegetable oils were assessed using a validated semi quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Anthropometrics, blood pressure, and biochemical measurements were assessed. The metabolic syndrome based on the definition of the Iranian National Committee of Obesity
Results: Mean age and BMI of participants was 39.3 years and 25.7 kg/m2, respectively. Median daily intakes of hydrogenated vegetable oils [HVOs] were 9.6 g/d and those of non-hydrogenated vegetable oils [NHVOs] were 6.0 g/d. Higher intakes of HVOs and NHVOs were associated with higher intakes of total energy intake, total fat, saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, fiber, vegetables, legumes, meat, poultry and fish and lower intake of carbohydrates. After controlling for potential confounders, compared to the lowest tertile of HVOs, odds ratio for metabolic syndrome in the highest tertile was 2.54 [95% CI: 1.53-4.23]. NHVOs were not associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome
Conclusions: HVOs intake was found to be positively associated with metabolic syndrome among Tehranian adults